A Two-Level Simulation-Assisted Sequential Distribution System Restoration Model With Frequency Dynamics Constraints

This paper proposes a service restoration model for unbalanced distribution systems and inverter-dominated microgrids (MGs), in which frequency dynamics constraints are developed to optimize the amount of load guarantee dynamic performance system response during process. After extreme events, damaged can be sectionalized into several isolated MGs restore critical loads tripped non-black start distributed generations (DGs) by black DGs. However, high penetration inverter-based DGs reduces inertia, results low-inertia issues large fluctuation To address this challenge, we propose two-level simulation-assisted sequential model, includes mixed integer linear programming (MILP)-based optimization transient simulation model. The proposed MILP explicitly incorporates constraints, interfacing with MGs. Numerical on modified IEEE 123-bus have validated that indeed improved.